References for the Ajax Mine Project

Citations on Air Pollution and Human Health Provided by Dr. Moench

There is a substantial body of research showing air pollution--particulate pollution especially, and more especially particulate pollution with adsorbed heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, think benzene)--adversely affects the developing brain, especially at the stage of intrauterine development.  The heavy metals attached to dust from a mine, and the PAHs attached to diesel emissions from heavy equipment make mine pollution uniquely toxic to brain development.  
 
So the research shows that exposure to this kind of pollution is associated with increases in multiple types of brain pathology: autism, attention deficient and behavioral disorders, lower intelligence, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and an acceleration of the cognitive decline associated with aging.  DNA adducts, or epigenetic change, are the likely mechanism for some of that pathology in that it causes of down regulation of neuroprotective genes.  
 
Below are some of the references that were used in the slide presentation, followed by a more comprehensive list of references.
 
 
Bae S, Pan X-C, Kim S-Y, Park K, Kim Y-H, Kim H, et al. 2010. Exposures to Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxidative Stress in Schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect 118:579-583. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901077
 
Fonken LK,  Xu X,  Weil ZM,  Chen G,  Sun Q,  Rajagopalan S,  Nelson RJ. Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviors and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology. Molecular Psychiatry, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.76
 
 
Calderon-Garciduenas, L, M Kavanaugh, M Block, AD Angiulli, R Delgado-Chavez, R Torres-Jardon, A Gonzalez-Maciel, R Reynoso-Robles, N Osnaya, R Villarreal-Calderon, R Guo, H Zhaowei, Z Hongtu, G Perry and P Diaz. 2011. Neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology, and down-regulation of the prion-related protein in air pollution-exposed children and young adults. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-110722.
 
Weuve J,  Puett R,  Schwartz  J,  Yanosky J,  Laden F,  Grodstein F.   Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline in Older Women Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(3):219-227. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.683
 
Frederica P. Perera, Deliang Tang, Shuang Wang, Julia Vishnevetsky, Bingzhi Zhang, Diurka Diaz, David Camann, Virginia Rauh. Prenatal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Exposure and Child Behavior at age 6-7. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104315
 
Freire,C.,  Ramos,R.,  Puertas,R., et al.   Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in children.  J Epidemiol Community Health  2010;64:223-228  
 
Suglia SF, et al.  Association of Black Carbon with Cognition among Children in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study Am J Epidemiology 2008 167:280-286.
 
Lopez 1, Acuna D, Beltran-Parrazal L,  et al.  Evidence for oxidative stress in the developing cerebellum of the rat after chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure (0.0025% in air).  BMC Neuroscience
2009,10:53 doi10.1186/1471-2202-10-53
 
Allen, JL, K Conrad, G Oberdörster, CJ Johnston, B Sleezer and BA Cory-Slechta. 2013. Developmental exposure to concentration ambient particles and preferences for immediate reward in mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 121(1): 32-38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205505.
 
Edwards SC, Jedrychowski W, Butscher M, Camann D, Kieltyka A, Mroz E, et al. 2010. Prenatal Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Children’s Intelligence at Age 5 in a Prospective Cohort Study in Poland. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901070
 
Becerra T,   Wilhelm M, Olsen J, Cockburn M, Ritz B.   Ambient Air Pollution and Autism in Los Angeles County, California.  Environ Health Perspect 121:380–386 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205827 [Online 18 December 2012]
 
Volk H, Hertz-Picciotto I,  Delwiche L ,  Lurmann F,  McConnell R.  Residential Proximity to Freeways and Autism in the CHARGE study.  Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21156395.
  
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1. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Mora-Tiscareno A, Ontiveros E, et al.  Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: a pilot study with children and dogs.  Brain Cogn. 2008 Nov;68(2):117-27. Epub 2008 Jun 11..
 
2. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Solt AC, et al.  Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36(2):289-310. Epub 2008 Mar 18
 
3.  Calderon-Garciduenas L, Franco-Lira M, Torres-Jardon R.  Pediatric Respiratory and Systemic Effects of Chronic Air Pollution Exposure:  Nose, Lung, Heart, and Brain Pathology.  Toxicol Pathol, Vol. 35, No1, 154-162 (2007)
 
4.  Hartz A, Bauer B, Block M, Diesel exhaust particles induce oxidative stress, proinflammatory signaling, and P-glycoprotein, up-regulation at the blood-brain barrier.  The FASEB Journal 2008;22:2723-2733.
 
5.  Cruts B, van Etten L, Tornquvist H, et al.  Exposure to diesel exhaust induces changes in EEG in human volunteers.  Part Fibre Toxicol. 2008;5:4. March11. dol:1186/1743-8977-5-4.
 
6.  Suglia SF, et al.  Association of Black Carbon with Cognition among Children in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study Am J Epidemiology 2008 167:280-286.
 
7.  Wang, Z., Zeng, X, Zeng, Y, Wang, S. Chen, S.  Association of traffic-related air pollution with children’s neurobehavioral functions in Quanzhou, China.  Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Oct; 117 (10):1612-8 Epub. 2009 May 11.
 
8.  Volk H, Hertz-Picciotto I,  Delwiche L ,  Lurmann F,  McConnell R.  Residential Proximity to Freeways and Autism in the CHARGE study.  Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21156395.
 
9.  Morales, E.,  Julvez, J.,  Torrent, M., et al.   Association of Early-life Exposure to Household Gas Appliances and Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide With Cognition and Attention Behavior in Preschoolers.  American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(11):1327-1336; 
 
10.  Suzuki, T.,  Oshio, S.,  Iwata, M.,  et al.  In utero exposure to a low concentration of diesel exhaust affects spontaneous locomotor activity and monoaminergic system in male mice.  Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2010, 7:7doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-7
 
11.  Freire, C.,  Ramos, R.,  Puertas,  R., et al.   Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in children.  J Epidemiol Community Health  2010;64:223-228
 
12.  Edwards SC, Jedrychowski W, Butscher M, Camann D, Kieltyka A, Mroz E, et al. 2010. Prenatal Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Children’s Intelligence at Age 5 in a Prospective Cohort Study in Poland. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901070  
 
13.  Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Reed W, Maronpot RR, Henríquez-Roldán C, Delgado-Chavez R, Calderón-Garcidueñas A, Dragustinovis I, Franco-Lira M, Aragón-Flores M, Solt AC, Altenburg M, Torres-Jardón R, Swenberg JA.  Brain inflammation and Alzheimer's-like pathology in individuals exposed to severe air pollution. Toxicol Pathol. 2004 Nov-Dec;32(6):650-8.
 
14.  Power MC, Weisskopf MG, Alexeeff SE, Coull BA, Spiro Iii A, Schwartz J.  Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older Men.  Harvard School of Public Health.  Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print]
 
15.  G. Oberdörster, Z. Sharp, V. Atudorei, A. Elder, R. Gelein, W. Kreyling and C. Cox. Translocation of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles to the Brain.  Inhalation Toxicology 2004, Vol. 16, No. 6-7, Pages 437-445
 
16.  Perera, FP, L Zhigang, R Whyatt, L Hoepner, S Wang, D Camann and V Rauh. 2009. 2009. Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years. Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3506.
 
17.   Lopez I,  Beltran-Parrazal1 L,  Abhimanyu Amarnani A.  Evidence for oxidative stress in the developing cerebellum of the rat after chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure (0.0025% in air) BMC Neuroscience 2009, 10:53doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-53
 
18.  Zhou Z, Yuan T,  Chen Y, Qu L, Rauh V,  Zhang Y,  Tang D, Perera F, Li T.  Benefits of Reducing Prenatal Exposure to Coal-Burning Pollutants to Children’s Neurodevelopment in China   Research Article, published 14 Jul 2008 | doi:10.1289/ehp.11480
 
19.  Thomson, E.M. et al. (2007) Air pollution alters brain and pituitary endothelin-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Environ. Res. 105, 224233
 
20.  Peters, A. et al. (2006) Translocation and potential neurological effects of fine and ultrafine particles a critical update. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 3, 13 
 
 
23.  Calderon-Garciduenas, L. et al. (2002) Air pollution and brain damage. Toxicol. Pathol. 30, 373–389 
 
24.  Calderon-Garciduenas, L. et al. (2003) DNA damage in nasal and brain tissues of canines exposed to air pollutants is associated with evidence of chronic brain inflammation and neurodegeneration. Toxicol. Pathol. 31, 524–538 
 
 
 
26.  Lopez IA, Acuna D, Beltran-Parrazal L, Lopez IE, Amarnani A, Cortes M, Edmond J.  Evidence for oxidative stress in the developing cerebellum of the rat after chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure (0.0025% in air)  BMC Neuroscience 2009, 10:53 (27 May 2009)
 
27. Morgan TE, Davis DA, Iwata N, Tanner JA, Snyder D, Ning Z, et al. 2011. Glutamatergic Neurons in Rodent Models Respond to Nanoscale Particulate Urban Air Pollutants In Vivo and In Vitro. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002973
 
28.  Gackière F, Saliba L, Baude A, Bosler O, Strube C.  Ozone inhalation activates stress-responsive regions of the central nervous system.  J Neurochem. 2011 Apr 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07267.x. [Epub ahead of print]
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29.  Calderón-Garcidueñas L, D'Angiulli A, Kulesza RJ, Torres-Jardón R, Osnaya N, Romero L, Keefe S, Herritt L, Brooks DM, Avila-Ramirez J, Delgado-Chávez R, Medina-Cortina H, González-González LO.  Air pollution is associated with brainstem auditory nuclei pathology and delayed brainstem auditory evoked potentials.  Int J Dev Neurosci. 2011 Mar 31. [Epub ahead of print]
 
30.  Power MC, Weisskopf MG, Alexeeff SE, Coull BA, Spiro A III, Schwartz J 2011. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Older Men. Environ Health Perspect 119:682-687. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002767
 
31.  Fonken LK,  Xu X,  Weil ZM,  Chen G,  Sun Q,  Rajagopalan S,  Nelson RJ. Air pollution impairs cognition, provokes depressive-like behaviors and alters hippocampal cytokine expression and morphology. Molecular Psychiatry, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.76
 
32.  Levesque S, Surace MJ, McDonald J, Block ML.  Air pollution and the brain: Subchronic diesel exhaust exposure causes neuroinflammation and elevates early markers of neurodegenerative disease.  J Neuroinflammation. 2011 Aug 24;8(1):105. [Epub ahead of print]
 
33.  Guxens M, Aguilera I, Ballester F, Estarlich M, Fernández-Somoano A, Lertxundi A, Lertxundi N, Mendez MA, Tardón A, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J.  Prenatal Exposure to Residential Air Pollution and Infant Mental Development: Modulation by Antioxidants and Detoxification Factors.  Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]
 
34.   Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Kavanaugh M, Block M, D'Angiulli A, Delgado-Chávez R, Torres-Jardón R, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Osnaya N, Villarreal-Calderon R, Guo R, Hua Z, Zhu H, Perry G, Diaz P.  Neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Pathology, and Down-Regulation of the Prion-Related Protein in Air Pollution Exposed Children and Young Adults.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2011 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]
 
35.   Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Engle R, Mora-Tiscareño A, Styner M, Gómez-Garza G, Zhu H, Jewells V, Torres-Jardón R, Romero L, Monroy-Acosta ME, Bryant C, González-González LO, Medina-Cortina H, D'Angiulli A.   Exposure to severe urban air pollution influences cognitive outcomes, brain volume and systemic inflammation in clinically healthy children.  Brain Cogn. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
 
36.  Ranft U, Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Krutmann J, Krämer U.  Long-term exposure to traffic-related particulate matter impairs cognitive function in the elderly.  Environ Res. 2009 Nov;109(8):1004-11. Epub 2009 Sep 4.
 
37.  Henn BC, Schnaas L, Ettinger AS, Schwartz J, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Hernández-Avila M, et al. 2011. Associations of Early Childhood Manganese and Lead Coexposure with Neurodevelopment. Environ Health Perspect 120:126-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003300
 
38.  Ciesielski T, Weuve J, Bellinger DC, Schwartz J, Lanphear B, Wright RO 2012. Cadmium Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in U.S. Children. Environ Health Perspect :-. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104152
 
39.   Weuve J,  Puett R,  Schwartz  J,  Yanosky J,  Laden F,  Grodstein F.   Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline in Older Women Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(3):219-227. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.683
 
40.  Perera FP, Tang D, Wang S, Vishnevetsky J, Zhang B, Diaz D, Camann D, Rauh V.  Prenatal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Exposure and Child Behavior at age 6-7.  Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print]
 
41.  Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Serrano-Sierra A, Torres-Jardón R, Zhu H, Yuan Y, Smith D, Delgado-Chávez R, Cross JV, Medina-Cortina H, Kavanaugh M, Guilarte TR.  The impact of environmental metals in young urbanites' brains.  Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print]
 
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43.   Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Mora-Tiscareño A, Styner M, Zhu H, Torres-Jardón R, Carlos E, Solorio-López E, Medina-Cortina H, Kavanaugh M, D'Angiulli A.  White Matter Hyperintensities, Systemic Inflammation, Brain Growth, and Cognitive Functions in Children Exposed to Air Pollution.
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44.  Moulton PV, Yang W.  Air pollution, oxidative stress, and Alzheimer's disease.  J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:472751. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
 
45.  Bos I, De Boever P, Emmerechts J, Buekers J, Vanoirbeek J, Meeusen R, Van Poppel M, Nemery B, Nawrot T, Panis LI.  Changed gene expression in brains of mice exposed to traffic in a highway tunnel.  Inhal Toxicol. 2012 Aug;24(10):676-86.
 
46.  Boucher O, et al.   Prenatal Methylmercury, Postnatal Lead Exposure, and Evidence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Inuit Children in Arctic Québec.  Environ Health Perspect 120:0000–0000 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1204976 [Online 21 September 2012]
 
47.  Volk H, Lurmann F, Penfold B, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R.  Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, and Autism.  Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;():1-7. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.266.
 
48.  Chen R, Zhang Y, Yang C, Zhao Z, Xu X, Kan H.  Acute Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Stroke Mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study.
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49.  Allen, JL, K Conrad, G Oberdörster, CJ Johnston, B Sleezer and BA Cory-Slechta. 2013. Developmental exposure to concentration ambient particles and preferences for immediate reward in mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 121(1): 32-38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205505.
 
50.  Becerra T,   Wilhelm M, Olsen J, Cockburn M, Ritz B.   Ambient Air Pollution and Autism in Los Angeles County, California.  Environ Health Perspect 121:380–386 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205827 [Online 18 December 2012]
 
51.  Lucchini, RG, S Zoni, S Guazzetti, E Bontempi, S Micheletti, K Broberg, G Parrinello and DR Smith. 2012. Inverse association of intellectual function with very low blood lead but not with manganese exposure in Italian adolescents. Environmental Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.003.